Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Essays

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Essays Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Paper Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Paper Essay Topic: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Poems Henry Wadsworth Longfellow an American Writing Icon Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was a powerful figure in nineteenth century America. He is considered to be one of the most influential writers of this time. There are many reasons for the popularity and significance of Longfellows poetry. The most evident is the manner in which he uses the gift of effortless rhyme. He writes poetry with a natural grace, read or heard once, his rhyme and meters cling to the mind long after the initial sense may be forgotten. No other American poet has so penetrated the general consciousness of the entire English speaking world as is apparent through the way that he uses common themes which appeal to all kinds of people. To first understand the unique genius of Longfellow and the way he created his writings one must learn a little about his life. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born in Portland Maine; he grew up of modest means and was exposed to the conditions of everyday life. His first major achievement in his litaray career was his accepentce to Bowidian College at the age of 14; he stayed there for a few years and graduated in 1825. After his graduation he went to further his study in Europe and then came back to America and accepted a position at Bowidian College teaching as a professor of modern language. After teaching for five years he once again returned to Europe to study and stayed for a year but once he returned he accepted a position at Harvard University and taught there for eighteen years. Many people who have been aquatints with Longfellow agree that he was â€Å"such a thoroughbred gentleman, in his everyday life that even the most timid were at ease in his company† (Moulton 386). While Longfellow was at college he became good friends with a man named Nathaniel Hawthorne. Longfellow was not only a gentleman in his social life but was a devoted husband to his two wives, both which ended in tragedy due to their untimely deaths. Longfellow grew up as your average child of the early nineteenth century with nature surrounding him. He saw the things that happened in everyday life people working and the changing of the seasons. His boyhood was spent mostly in his native town, which he never ceased to love, and whose beautiful surroundings quaint and pure, found its way into some of the main theme of his poems. Even though they varied a little they had the same overtone one of simplicity that any individual that picked up his writings could connect with and understand them. Many of his poems were derived from nature some of them consisted of â€Å"The Tide Rises, the Tide Falls†, â€Å"A Gleam of Sunshine† and â€Å"Autumn†. The next major influence in his poems was the integration of American history, including Indians, the ride of Paul Revere and the life of slaves. The last selection was that of everyday life the lessons, like â€Å"Something Left Undone† and â€Å"The Reaper and the Flowers†. The idea to incorporate common themes, of nature, American history and everyday life was a first and truly appealed to the readers. The subjects of Longfellow’s poetry are, for the most part, aspects of nature as influencing human feeling, either directly or through historical association, the tender or pathetic sides and incidents of life, or heroic deeds preserved in legend or history. He had a special fondness for records of human devotion and self-sacrifice, whether they were monkish legends, Indian tales or bits of American History. The reason for his choice of such familiar topics was to reach the general public and connect with them. All of the topics which he chose were easy to understand and were common occurrences in people’s lives at this time. The choice of topics such as waves in the ocean, a man working and the life of a slave were topics that the people related to and up until this time most poets wrote about European ideas, things that had no relation ship with the people who lived in America. He brought about the topics of Native Americans and their way of life, in the many poems of â€Å"Hiawatha†. The concept of these poems was to take the reader back into early America and show them what the life of an Indian was like, this captured the reader â€Å"With the Song of Hiawatha Mr. Longfellow has broken the silence compelled us to listen once again restored the legends by giving them zest† (Harris 447). When Longfellow used the topics of Nature in his poems, he connected with the reader and held on to him. He talked about the waves crashing on a beach and the sun shining through the sky in the poem â€Å"Milton†, when he wrote of these topics he knew that the people would connect for numerous reasons, the most evident are the commonness of the poems and the fact that many people in the world have already seen these events take place, sequentially the readers can relate. Readers response to his new way of writing were astonishing and it made him one of the most revolutionary poets of his time, some called him the father of modern day poetry. By writing poems that soothed and encouraged readers, Longfellow became the first American to reach such a wide range and create an interest in poetry. Many people agree that â€Å"The same gentle spirit which characterized his writings showed itself also in the manners of man† (Moulton 384). Longfellow on many accounts can be credited with the advance of poetry through commonality. The central thing that set Longfellow apart with his poems was that they â€Å"appeal to the sympathies, and falls within the comprehension of every reader† (Harris 479). The impact from his first poem collection â€Å"Voices of the Night†, achieved him almost immediate popularity among American and soon the whole English speaking world. With poems like â€Å"A Psalm of Life† and â€Å"The Light of Stars† he connected with the reader and they could not wait for more. â€Å"So when storms of wild emotion/ Strike the ocean† (Longfellow 1). The vivid picture that this sentence embodies shows the manner of which Longfellow would write his poems. He wanted the reader to see and feel the poems not just sit and listen. Throughout his poems Longfellow’s use of imagery is always evident weather talking about the Native Americans or describing nature. â€Å"The poetry or Mr. Longfellow is marked by a very vivid imagination, great susceptibility to the impressions of natural scenery†¦. and the feelings of the human heart† (Harris 471). This use of imagery allows him to connect with the reader and show him the world. The setting for his poems were simple, they were of a common place like a work place a house or a forest. This idea for a common place to set his poetry was so that all his readers could relate to the poems. Even though his choice of setting was not extravagant his poems still captivated the world through his vivid description. In the poem â€Å"Milton† Longfellow describes the scene of him walking on the beach â€Å"I pace the sounding sea-beach and behold / How the voluminous billows roll and run / Upheaving and subsiding, while the sun / Shines through their sheeted emerald far unrolled† (Longfellow 1). With this description most of the people were able to relate and for this reason, his poems became started a sensation. The subjects in his poems have a deep connection with the story; through this the reader feels an attachment to the story. His way of writing makes it feel as if the story is taking place right in front of your eyes. â€Å"In his lodge beside a river, / Close beside a frozen river, / Sat an old man, sad and lonely. /White his hair was as a snow-drift; /Dull and low his fire was burning, / And the old man shook and trembled† (Longfellow 1). Through way Longfellow describes a scene makes it life like and in turn captures the reader. Longfellow uses many key literary elements in his poems to evoke the reader’s response it is said that â€Å"He had a knack for expressing commonplace thoughts very memorably† (Derbyshire 3). The most obvious tool that he used was his natural, masterful gift of rhyme; his poems flowed with ease and made a lasting impression on the reader. One of his most famous poems to use this gift was â€Å"The Song and the Arrow† â€Å"Long, long afterward, in an oak/I found the arrow, still unbroke; / And the song, from beginning to end, /I found again in the heart of a friend† (Longfellow 1). This use of rhyme so simply captivates the reader and makes him read on. The second most evident implement that Longfellow uses is meter. Longfellow was famous for using meters that had never, or hardly ever, been used in English poetry before. In the introduction to The Song of Hiawatha is one of his most famous examples, using the same metre,Should you ask me,/ whence these stories (Longfellow 1) for many lines, and all going to prove that there is a reason for this to capture an audience through a new way of writing. Through Longfellow’s unique approach to writing that captured the whole English speaking world, it is said that he is one of the most influential writers of the nineteenth century. He was the first to use native topics about our heritage and things that people of the time can relate to. Not only did his writings captivate the reader’s when they first came out, they still do to this day Through the themes which his poems imbed that evokes the feelings of the many readers of his poems it is evident that, no other American poet has so penetrated the general consciousness of the entire English speaking world as apparent through the way he uses common themes which appeal to all kinds of people. Derbyshire, John. â€Å"In the Bivouac of Life: Longfellow and the Fate of Poetry† Literary Criticism by John Derbyshire. December 2000. ; olimu. com/journ alism/Texts/Criticism/Longfellow. htm ; Harris, Laurie Lazen . (1982). â€Å"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow†. Nineteenth- Century Literary Criticism Vol. 2. (468-492) Moulton, Charles Wells. â€Å"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow†. Moultons Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors through the Beginning of the Twentieth Century Vol. IV. Abridged, revised and with editions by Tucker, Martin. New York, F. Ungar Pub. Co. 1966 4 v. (27-45) Moulton, Charles Wells. â€Å"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow†. The Library of Literary Criticism of English and American Authors Vol. VII. Buffalo New York, The Moulton Publishing Company. Longfellow, Henry. All poems of the poet: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Poem Hunter 4/23/2007. poemhunter. com/henry-wadsworth-longfellow/.

Business management and a career path in marketing Essay

Business management and a career path in marketing - Essay Example There is a range of intended career paths that are available to students who undertake a degree in business management. Business management has a vast scope and graduates in the subject can choose amongst various career including event management, operations management, chartered management account, marketing consultancy, business consultancy, logistics management amongst various other options. It is essential to mention here that as business management students are taught the art of mastering business throughout their education; most students are seen taking a little industry experience by working with companies. For the purpose of this essay, our focus will remain towards the area of marketing as we discuss the skills and essentials required for a person to succeed in this field. There are many skills and areas of knowledge that need to be mastered if one wants to ace in the field of marketing. These areas include, but are not limited to business analytics, social media knowledge, in-depth knowledge of data visualization, technical skills, teamwork, soft skills, and finally newsjacking. We will now look at each of these areas in detail and look at the ways of developing knowledge and skills in said areas. Business analytics refers to trends and behaviors. A study of business analytics is highly essential for a healthy marketing career as analytics looks at purchase history of customers, looks for patterns in their search behaviors etc. to connect leads to the company.

Explain what effect an increase in airspeed has on lift, as well as on Essay

Explain what effect an increase in airspeed has on lift, as well as on drag, both induced and parasite - Essay Example This equation is derived from Newton’s second law of motion whereby the net force on an object is equal to its rate of momentum change (Dole and Lewis, 2000). Thus, as air flow increases across an airfoil section, the rate of change of momentum is increased across the upper areas of the wing section, increasing lift (Dole and Lewis, 2000). Bernoulli’s principle states, an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure. This is seen in the equation: Pressure+1/2 density(rho) V2= constant Noting that Bernoulli’s equation above is used for non compressible flows (low mach numbers) (FAA, 2001), the equation shows that as velocity increases, if the equation is to remain balanced, pressure must decrease. Thus, as airflow increases across the upper surface of a wing due to speed, lift is increased due to the drop in pressure above the wing. Drag is derived from Newton’s third law whereby, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction (Dole and Lewis, 2000). The action of the airfoil section on the incident airflow creates an opposite reaction, drag. Drag increases as speed increases (FAA, 2001). This is seen in the equation: Drag = Cd x(1/2 pV2) x area, where Cd is the coefficient of drag.

Applications of Machiavelli Essay Example for Free

Applications of Machiavelli Essay There are many ideas people can learn from history’s great thinkers and achievers. The Renaissance Era had the fastest progress in history. During this era, many thinkers and achievers such as Niccolo Machiavelli, Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo introduced new ideas and new forms of art. Niccolo Machiavelli was an Italian politician and diplomat. The reason his theories are advanced is that he is already used critical thinking while he lived in a country where most people explained things using God and religion. He was also a philosopher, and his many theories about managing a kingdom were quite innovative in Renaissance times. The Prince is a manual about how to manage a kingdom successfully. The Prince was written for Lorenzo de Medici of the Medici Family, which was the best known family in the Renaissance Era. Medici Family made great contributions to the culture because it traded and paid for many works of art in that period. The Medici Family was rich and powerful in Italy, and it was the Renaissance equivalent of a major corporation. Machiavelli lived hundreds of years before the major corporation of today, but The Prince can still be used as a guide to getting ahead in business, just as it is a guide for building a successful princedom. The Medici Family had existed for hundreds of years, and it was powerful and rich just like the Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company may also last for hundreds of years since it has been successful for over a hundred years. The Prince tells readers how to use power correctly; it also tells readers how to sustain the kingdom’s power and prevent the kingdom’s  decay. More specifically, Machiavelli tells readers that what kind of personality and morality a successful prince should have. The Prince contains some of Machiavelli’s ideas which were very advanced for that period. These ideas are still useful now and can also equally be applied to the Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company is the leader in the beverage industry, and it is a very successful global company. Managing the Coca-Cola Company is similar to managing a kingdom. Therefore, Some of Machiavelli’s theories could be used by the Coca-Cola Company. In the chapter â€Å"How princes should honor their word† and â€Å"The constitutional principality†, I found some appropriate ideas which may be helpful to The Coca-Cola Company. Thesis statement: Although Niccolo Machiavelli died hundreds of years ago, some of his ideas such as showing only the good qualities, keeping a good relationship with people, and making the product indispensable to people are helpful to the Coca-Cola Company. Honor the word: In The Prince, Machiavelli makes some recommendations to the king about how princes should to honor their word. The recommendations can also apply to the advertising of the Coca-Cola Company. Machiavelli said, â€Å"A prince, therefore, need not necessarily have all the good qualities I mentioned above, but he should certainly appear to have them.†(57) No one is perfect, including the prince. Machiavelli believes that a prince should show his good qualities, and hide his bad qualities. It is like the advertisements of the Coca-Cola Company. A good advertisement should show all the advantages of the products or services advertised, and hide the disadvantages. Furthermore, we use our genuineness to earn other people’s trust. However, Machiavelli has a unique perspective on how to earn the trust of people. In chapter eighteen of The Prince, â€Å"†¦princes who have achieved great things have been those who have given their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning, and who, in the end, have overcome those abiding by honest principles.† (56) If princes want to earn the trust of people, they need to use some type of scheme instead of being honest. This idea can also be used in advertising. A good advertisement is impressive, and it shows only the advantages to the customers instead of showing  everything about the product to the customers. According to Interbrand, Coca-Cola is the most valued brand in the world. Coca-Cola has good sales performance because it attaches great importance to its products’ advertisements. It placed advertisements in magazines, on TV, in websites, and on street signs. In China, the Coca-Cola Company hired a number of well-known Chinese movie stars and athletes to make commercials for Coke. Coke is a great drink for summer because it is thirst quenching and cool. One of the short commercials was very impressive. A group of teenagers was running on the street, and they were sweating hard. Everyone was tired and thirsty. At this time, a van with a Coca-Cola logo passed by. They recovered their energy by drinking Coke. The whole advertisement focused on the teenagers’ athletic bodies and their expressions of enjoyment. This advertisement showed the advantages of Coke, which are the wonderful taste and the cool refreshment; however, it did not show the disadvantages of Coke including high amounts of sugar, caffeine, and chemical additives. After watching the commercial, people have the desire to buy Coke. As Machiavelli advised, The Coca Cola Company is using cunning to trick customers into drinking their soft drinks by showing only the positive aspects of Coca Cola. Relationship with people: Machiavelli has written about the relationship between the prince and the people. â€Å"I shall only conclude that it is necessary for a prince to have the friendship of the people; otherwise he has no remedy in times of adversity†(34) If a prince does not have a good relationship with the people, he will soon lose his power. A prince brings peace and prosperity to the people, and the people give their support to the prince. The â€Å"people† in The Prince are similar to customers in modern society. If a company wants to hold a great market share in the industry, it must focus on its relationship with customers. The Coca-Cola Company has a positive image for customers. The product is shown as â€Å"energetic and youthful†. When people visit the Coca-Cola Company’s official website, they can feel the company’s enthusiasm. The Coca-Cola Company has a short film on its home page which shows polar bears. This film is about the happy life of polar bears. The bears in the film are really cute and kind, and they are enjoying Coca Cola. It definitely leaves a good impression on the customers. Also, the Coca-Cola  Company has successful marketing strategies. The Coca-Cola Company has a great amount of loyal customers because it serves more than 200 countries in the world; customers can buy their products everywhere because they have the most advanced distribution channel. As a result, Coca-Cola is the most valued brand in the world; it has held about a 48% market share of the beverage industry. The Coca-Cola Company is the leader in the industry because it has a good relationship with customers. Make products indispensable: According to The Prince, â€Å"Therefore a wise prince must devise ways by which his citizens are always and in all circumstances dependent on him and on his authority; and then they will always be faithful to him.†Ã¯ ¼Ë†35) That is to say, If a prince wants the people always be faithful to him, he should make people dependent on him. The Coca-Cola Company has a similar idea. When it was introduced, Coca-Cola contained cocaine, and this is the origin of the name â€Å"Coca Cola†. Cocaine is a stimulant from the leaves of the coca plant. People become addicted to cocaine by the long-term use of it. After cocaine was prohibited, The Coca-Cola Company put caffeine in Coke instead of cocaine. However, caffeine still can make people become addicted to Coke, thus, they become dependent upon having Coca Cola for the unique flavor and for the caffeine. One of the most important people in the Coca-Cola Company’s history is Robert W. Woodruff. He was the CEO of the Coca-Cola Company in 1923. Woodruff had the same idea as Machiavelli, which is making customers â€Å"dependent† on Coke. He mentioned that if the customers could not get Coke immediately when they were thirsty, Coca-Cola would lose in the competitive marketplace. The first vending machine was invented, and the Coca Cola Company began to sell coke in retail stores and convenience stores. Woodruff’s idea was to satisfy all the customers no matter when and where the customers wanted Coca Cola. The Coca-Cola Company made a very successful commercial in 1937, which was groundbreaking for that period because the theme was lifestyle. In this commercial, The Coca-Cola Company highlighted the importance of Coke in life instead of the attributes or ingredients of Coke. The most famous advertising slogan from this commercial is â€Å"The Pause That Refreshes†. Woodruff spent a lot of money and time on promoting Coke, but it was well worth the effort. The Coca-Cola  Company still spends lots of money on advertising even in nowadays. In 2012, the Coca-Cola Company spent more than three billion dollars on their advertising and increased the sales of firm and brand recognition. The Coca-Cola Company now has many loyal customers, and Coke plays an important role in our daily lives. Conclusion: Machiavelli wrote The Prince for the Medici family. The Medici family was like the big corporations of today. Because of this, Machiavelli’s ideas are just as important now as they were during the Renaissance era. As Machiavelli advised, princes should only show their good qualities and hide the bad qualities. Through its advertising, the Coca-Cola Company is using cunning to trick customers into drinking its soft drinks by showing only the positive aspects of Coke. Moreover, Machiavelli believes that if princes have a good relationship with people, people will always support them. In modern society, the Coca-Cola Company has many loyal customers because it has a good relationship with them. Furthermore, Machiavelli advised that people will always be faithful to a prince if people are dependent on him. The Coca-Cola Company is using caffeine in its products, so when people drink Coca Cola, they become addicted. Also, the Coca-Cola Company spent a lot of time and money promotin g its products. As a result, the Coca-Cola Company has a great number of loyal customers. All in all, many of the ideas in The Prince are similar to the ideas of the Coca-Cola Company, although The Prince was written during The Renaissance hundreds of years before Coca Cola was introduced. Works Cited Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. London: Penguin Group, 1961. 106.

Sex and Drugs Have Always Been in the Music Essays -- Exploratory Essa

It seems as if someone is always complaining about popular music on the market.   References to illegal drugs and sexual conduct are two of the most common complaints.   Adults claim that rock and roll stars are bad influences to children.   The lyrical content of songs and the examples set by musical idols are not suitable for minors.   Today's music, especially, tests the limits of good taste.   Objections to artists like Eminem, Lil' Kim, and Fred Durst are everyday occurrences, but what the judgmental public and media do not discuss is that these complaints are anything but new.   Songs by the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Doors have also been objects of this type of condemnation.   Even as far back as operas by Germany's Richard Wagner in the late 19th century, there exist examples of sexual behavior in music.   Perhaps these scornful antagonists should look into their own music collection before they burn their children's at the stake. The Beatles were English heartthrobs that took America by storm.   Songs like "I Wanna Hold Your Hand," and "When I Saw You," were teenage girls' anthems. The Beatles were the picture of a good role model.   Who would imagine that these clean-cut boys with harmonious voices would sing about drugs in some of their later work?   It is well known that after a while some of the band began to abuse illegal drugs.   "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds," which was so well known that archeologists were naming findings after it, was actually a tribute to LSD.   "Hey Jude," which was publicized as a song written by Paul McCartney to John Lennon's oldest son Julian at the time of his father's remarriage, was rumored to actually be about heroin.   "The minute you let it under your skin, the... ...rence. Indianapolis, Indiana, 03-24-95, Presentation. Chappell, Kevin. "Ebony." Vol. 162, Issue 3, p.60, 6c. 01-98. Eminem. Slim Shady lp.1999. Gates, David. Woodstock Testival, 1969. "Newsweek." Vol.124, Issue 6, p.38, 12c, 4bw. 08-08-94. Hall, Dana. "Billboard." Vol.112, Issue 33, p.69, 3/5p, 2bw. 08-12-00 Holland, Bill. "Billboard." Vol.111, Issue 19, p.73, 2/5p. Innaurato, Albert: Levine, Joshua. "Forbes." Vol. 162, Issue 12, p.400, 1/3p, 1c. 11-30-98. Krenske, Leigh; McKay, Jim. Gender Place and Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography. Vol. 7, Issue 3, p.287, 18p. 09-00. Mandel, Charles. Alberta Report."Newsmagazine." Vol. 25, Issue 22, p.28, 1p, 1bw. 05-18-98. Wilson, Janelle. "ETC: A View of General Semantics."   Vol. 57, Issue 3, p.290, 14p. Fall 2000. Wilson Quarterly. Vol. 19, Issue 1, p.148, 2p. Winter 1995.

Organisational Learning

If there are images in this attachment, they will not be displayed. Download the original attachment 1. Introduction In order to survive in the rapid changing business environment the organisations need to acquire knowledge and innovate fast enough. This dynamic, complex and globally competitive nature of the business requires learning organisations. CEO of British Petroleum Company John Browne (1995) says â€Å"Learning is at the heart of a company’s ability to adapt to rapidly changing environment. †(p. 148)   Many approaches are being articulated to build learning organisations. In this work, three articles which portray suggestions to build a learning organisation are being reviewed, critically analysed, and compared and contract. 2. The Literature Search Key words: Organisational learning, organisational developments, management learning, continuous learning. Sources: Harvard Business School Review, Emerald journals 3. Review of the articles Article 1: â€Å"Building A Learning Organisation† by David A Garvin In the article Garvin has mentioned about the three dilemmas which are essential for flourishing the execution of the transforming the organisations into learning organisation: Meaning, Management and Measuring. A new approach to learning organisation is being bought into the study. †A learning organisation is an organisation skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behaviour to reflect new knowledge and insights† (p. 3) To build an organisation into a learning organisation Garvin recommends five building blocks: Solving problems systematically, Experimenting with new approaches to work, and Learning from past experience,  Learning from other companies and from customers, Transferring knowledge throughout organisation. Implementing these activities assists the organisations guarantee continues improvements. In the later part of the article the steps for    measuring the learning are described. The article advice   Half life curves, questionnaires and surveys on behavioural changes comprehensive learning audit to measure the learning instead of using traditional methods like learning and experience curves which focus only on , cost or price. The article put forward a slight shift in focus, away from continuous improvement and toward a commitment to learning. Article 2: â€Å"The Fifth Discipline† By Peter M Senge This article demonstrates how to create a background, where the employees are supported to learn collectively and individually. Senge says in order to withstand the competitors and to excel in the field or market, the organisations have to ensure two conditions: The capability to design the organisation to match with the desired result or outcome, ability to recognise any deviation from the desired outcome and to bring it back to the right track by undertaking the necessary initiatives and steps. He describes five disciplines which creates learning organisations The System thinking, Personal mastery, Mental models, Shared vision and Team learning. The System thinking is considered as the fifth discipline, Senge describes it as the ‘cornerstone’ which underlies other disciplines. The five disciplines have to be learned by the individuals in the organisation and put into the business activities. According to Senge organisations that are capable of learning from their experiences do better than those organisations that simply adopt to their environments. They take advantage of rapidly changing conditions. Their strategies are sufficiently open ended to allow for the unexpected so that their capabilities of organisational learning can deal with external rapidly changing situations Article3: â€Å"Building and sustaining a learning organisation† By Richard Teare and Richard Dealtry   This editorial document discuses how to build a learning background and the implication for Learning organisations. It depicts on the experience and observations of members the organisations which run learning programmes at their work places. It debates on four themes: Modelling the learning process in organisations, organisational readiness, Team working and learning and networked learning . These themes are related to the plan for organisational learning and organisational learning renewal. It claims that effective learning is depends on the environment for learning and the efforts of organisational leaders and managers in creating, nourishing and encouraging the suitable circumstances for learning to occur. 4. Critical Appraisal Article 1: The flow of text is easy to read and it is free from technical terminology. The examples quoted in this article come from both larger and smaller organisations. The examples are, interesting, and generously interspersed throughout the article. The article includes examples of both successful and failed attempts, gives an idea about how corrections can be made when an initial attempt does not work. Garvin has take on a structural approach. His hypothesis gives the guidelines for real time applications and it is loaded with operational advice rather than high objectives. However, structural improvements are only as good as the enthusiasm for learning, so there are limitations to this theory as well. Article2: It is very important that an ensemble could be developed from the five disciplines proposed by Senge . However it is a challenge because it is much difficult to incorporate new tools than simply apply them separately. However the payoffs are gigantic. Senge fails to claim any theoretical or empirical evidence to support his claims. This article is better at perceptions than at the provision of realistic steps for managers. The organisations which consider profit as the bottom line, an essential concern with the culture and development of employees and associates is too unrealistic. There is a question of about the applications of the systems theory. Though he establishes variety of broader appreciations and focus to his hypothesis, it is not fully set in a political or moral framework. Article3: It illustrates a systematic approach to learning organisations, starting from the organisational objectives, diagnosing the need and opportunities, learning organisations support and progress review. It takes the advantage views and experiences of the two real time organisations to portray the real time situations in building the organisation. It gives a brief review on the different concept and the realities about building a learning environment. It is well known that the concept of building learning organisation is been articulated by different scholars and has a disagreement. This article seeks support from various sources and scholars which is likely to have some contradicting arguments in the article. 5. Comparison of articles Article1 is the theoretical approach to build learning organisations and in article2 Garvin renovate this into reality. In article1 Garvin looks at managing behaviour and performance which is an external view while in article2 Senge looks at the mental models that determine behaviour which is an internal view. Article 1, 2 &3 disagree about what conditions promote the creation of learning organisations. Each list different factors that represent or promote learning. However, they approach the learning organisations with a normative or prescriptive orientation. Providing an enhanced understanding is a key issue in learning organisations. Article1 claims mental model and system thinking will facilitate this enhanced understanding. In the case of article2, it is systematic problem solving, experimentation and learning from past experiences. Mental models, Team learning and system thinking disciplines are suggested by Senge(article2) in order to acquire knowledge . In view of Garvin(article1)   knowledge acquisition is   done through learning   from the others and learning from   the past experiences. In order to filter the acquired knowledge Garvin implements systematic problem solving and experiments, and Senge recommends inquiry and dialogue which are discussed in the discipline team learning. Neither article1 nor article2 explicitly mentioned the need to unfreeze organisation before substantial improvements can be achieved. Whereas article3 discuss unfreezing organisational way of thinking and avoiding decision making that is skewed to either extreme. Under some circumstance the Organisational standards have become as a predicament for the organisations which prefer innovation. Article3 uses the same concept to overcome this problem. Article2 says the leaders of a learning organisation â€Å"are designers, stewards, and teachers. They are responsible for building organisations where people continually expand their abilities to understand complexity, clarify vision, and improve shared mental models – that is, they are responsible for learning. † Article3 has the similar approach to leadership. It seen that article3 has followed some influences of Senge’s (article2) recommendations in the process of building a learning organisation. 6. Conclusion Learning organisations create a culture which sustain and encourage continuous learning by its employees. Vital thinking and acceptable risk taking new ideas. The concept of the learning organization has gained increasing attention in the management literature. For a quite long time the organisational theorists have studied about the subject under the discussion and their diversity views imply there is a considerable disagreement. In this work, such of three articles which portray suggestions to build a learning organisation are being reviewed, critically analysed, and compared and contract. To conclude, even though there are disagreement regarding the subject basic foundations such as knowledge acquisition, deeper understanding and improved performance are widely accepted by most of the scholars. . REFERENCE (1) Dealtry,R and Teare,R(1998) Building and sustaining a learning organisation, The Learning organisation 5(1) p 47-60 (2) Garvin,D. (1993). Building a learning organisation. Harvard Business Review (3) Senge,P. (1990) The Fifth Discipline :The art and practice of learning organisation United states,Currency. (4) Steven P. (1995) Unl eashing the power of learning: An interview with British Petroleum’s John Browne. Harvard Business Review, 75(5) p. 148

Terrorism, I Am A Muslim And I Am Against It - 1461 Words

â€Å"Surely, those who believe, those who are Jewish, the Christians, and the converts; anyone who (1) believes in GOD, and (2) believes in the Last Day, and (3) leads a righteous life, will receive their recompense from their Lord. They have nothing to fear, nor will they grieve† This is how Islam inculcates Muslims not to judge others, because obviously it’s the Lord who does that. Despite this verse and many other verses in Quran which promote for peace and love among humans, still people combine Islam with terror. I have seen many false allegations about Islam in the media. All that made me wonder, did I understand my religion wrong? What really interests me is whenever I look for the word terror on the internet; I find verses from†¦show more content†¦Al-Qaeda terrorist activities appear in many Islamic and non-Islamic countries. In Iraq in 2007, Al-Qaeda led more than 4500 attacks, leaving almost 18000 civilians dead or wounded. Islam and Jihad Starting with the original word meaning of Islam in Arabic, which is Salam thus Peace, furthermore the word has four other meanings which are surrender, submit, obey and sincerity. Jihad on the other hand doesn’t mean â€Å"holy war†; its actual meaning is Struggle in Allah’s sake. Allah (Gods name in Islam) has created earth and the whole universe. He ´s kind and merciful, and also has the ultimate power regarding humans life. For a Muslim to exist is a blessing, that perceives as gift from Allah to the humankind, so therefore Allah alone decides when to take this bless away. Jihad in Islam has two different aspects. Firstly, it’s a struggle against our souls desires. This means keeping ones soul away from taboos and sins. According to the prophet its the most likable aspect. The best jihad [struggle] is (by) the one who strives against his own self for Allah, the Mighty and Majestic. Secondly, it’s to defend the Islamic countries from any kind of danger; this aspect is often connected with terrorism. The importance of Jihad cannot be denied; in fact it’s on top ten of the religiousShow MoreRelatedIs The Third World War Going?843 Words   |  4 Pagesplace where terrorists live. In the process, hundred and thousands of innocent people living over there are also loosing their life. Can we call these countries, terrorist nations too? Both the terrorist groups and these nations are the form of terrorism because both of them are killing innocent people, showing their dominance, hate for each other and, want people and each other to know how powerful and destructive either can be. Looking at their activities, there is no doubt that both the terroristRead More Islam Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagessaid there are bad Muslims just as there are bad Christians and Jews. quot;We treat them as such and so should you. But Islam is a religion of peace. 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